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Short French => English
LEXICON / VOCABULARY
The objective of this short dictionary list is to aid not-French speaking Cyberspace users, who are functional in technical English, make maximum utilize of the contents of this Website. It can exist also used by French speaking people to translate their text into English.
pdf version of this Lexicon 
Initial remarks : Very oft, technical words used in French and in English are quite identical. In such cases, a translation is proposed mainly for those words that may either create confusion or that may stand for in a sense but is slightly unlike between French and English language. Thanks to Steven D. Lukefahr (A&M Academy, Texas USA) for the control of the English quality
Last updating : 4 April 2012
Lapin = rabbit Notation : for French people "lapin/rabbit" corresponds exclusively to Oryctolagus cuniculus. On the opposite, the English word "rabbit" may be used for a lot of species of the Leporidae family of unlike genuses, such as Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus, and sometimes Lepus, etc… only frequently there is confusion between hares and rabbits. In zoological classification, rabbits are distinguished by the helplessness of their offspring. Young rabbits are born naked with their eyes airtight. On the contrary, young hares are built-in with a complete fur coat and open eyes, merely are shortly contained from mother intendance. In this Website, "lapin" corresponds exclusively to the European rabbit Oryclolagus cuniculus. Rabbits of the genus "Sylvilagus" are named "lapins américains" (cottontail rabbit = lapin à queue de cotton, ….) or with their Latin proper noun.
Lapin de garenne, lapin sauvage = wild rabbit
Lapin domestique, lapin de clapier, lapin de chou = domestic rabbit
Cuniculture = rabbit breeding, rabbit rearing, rabbit husbandry
Cunicole = related with rabbit production
A
Abattage = slaughter
Abattoir = slaughterhouse, shambles
Abreuvoir (automatique) = (automated) drinker
Abreuvoir à tétine = nipple drinker
Accouplement = mating
Aliment = food, feed
Aliment composé = compound feed
Aliment granulé = pelleted feed
Allaitante (lapine allaitante) = nursing doe
Allaitement = nursing (human activity of the female parent)
Amidon = starch (polymer of blastoff 1-4 glucose chains connected with blastoff 1-6 bonds)
Angora = Angora, long pilus rabbit
Animalier, Animalière = person working in a rabbitry, most generally unlike of the possessor which may also piece of work in his own rabbitry.
Anticorps = antibiotic
Antigène = antigen
Appareil digestif = digestive tract, gut
Appétibilité = palatability
Arbre = tree
Arbre généalogique = pedigree
Argenté de Champagne (race)= Champagne d'Silver (brood)
Avoine = oat = Avena sativa
Avortement = ballgame
Azote = nitrogen
Azote not protéique = non-poly peptide nitrogen
B
Besoin (alimentaire, …) = requirement, demand
Besoin d'entretien = maintenance requirement
Bio or Biologique (product, …) = organic (product)
Biologie = biology
Blé = wheat , UK corn = Triticum
Blé dur = hard wheat (used past man to make semolina and pasta) = Triticum durum
Blé tendre = soft wheat or common wheat (used by man to make staff of life, …) = Triticum sativum = Triticum aestivum = Triticum vulgare
Boîte à nid = nest box
Broyage = grinding
Broyeur = grinder, crusher
C
Caecotrophes (crottes molles) = caecoptopes (soft feces)
Caecotrophie = caecoptrophy (production of 2 types of feces, hard and soft, and systematic ingestion of the soft ones – the exercise of caecotrophy is mutual to all members of the Lagomopha order)
Coprophagie = coprophagy (feces eating; for an animal, consumption of its own unique type of carrion)
Cage = muzzle
Cage commonage = muzzle used to firm a grouping of rabbits
Cage de maternité = doe's cage (cage equipped with a nest box) for kindling and suckling period
Cage d'engraissement = cage used for young rabbits afterwards weaning during the fattening flow
Cage grillagée = wire mesh cage
Cage individuelle = muzzle for a single rabbit
Cage-boite-à-nid = run across cage-mère
Cage-mère = "mother cage": economical unit created for the estimation of the investment made in a rabbitry. For a rabbitry of 100 "mother cages", it corresponds to 100 cages fully equipped for reproduction (with nest boxes) + the corresponding cages necessary for fattening after weaning the young produced in the 100 "mother cages" (near 800 places (e.m. 100 cages of eight young or 160 cages of five young)) + almost 50 cages for empty does and young does prepared for replacement + 12-14 cages for males if natural mating is used.
Caillebotis = slatted floor. May exist made of wood, plastic or metal
Californien = Californian
Caractère = grapheme, trait
Carcasse = carcass
Carence = deficiency
Castor = beaver (NB : huile de ricin = brush oil)
Cellule = jail cell
Cellulose = cellulose (polymer of beta 1-4 glucose)
Cellulose beast = crude fibre (chemically determined according to the former Weende method)
Cellulose VS or cellulose Van Soest = fibrous part of the cell wall calculated past divergence betwixt ADF and ADL
Céréale = cereal, grain (nearly common cereals are wheat, barley, oat, maize, sorghum, rice, rye, …)
Clapier = traditional rabbit single hutch or cage (fabricated of woods, concrete, …just the term is not used for modern wire mesh cages), group of hutches or cages (traditional or mod cages), or rabbitry
Cobaye = guinea pig
Cochon d'Inde = guinea sus scrofa
Colza = rape, colza, rapseed = Brassica napus oleifera
Colza 00 (or colza double zero) = known in America as Cambra (for Canadian brassica), rape with very depression level in glucosinoltes and erucic acid
Comportement = behaviour
Comportement d'oestrus = copulatory behaviour
Composant = component, ingredient
Congélation = freezing
Congélation à très basse température = deep-freezing
Consanguinité = inbreeding; consaguinity
Conservation = storage, conservation
Consommation [alimentaire]= [feed] consumption, feed intake
Copeaux (de bois) = (wood) shavings
Coprah (amande de la noix de coco Coco nucifera) = copra (stale kernel of the coconut Coco nucifera)
Corps jaune = corpus luteum (pl. corpora lutea)
Croisé = crossbred
Croisement = crossbreeding
Croissance = growth, development
Crottes (en général) = droppings (in full general)
Crottes dures = hard carrion
Crottes molles = soft feces, caecoptopes
Cultivar = cultivar, a diversity or line of a establish that has been selected intentionally and maintained through cultivation
Cunicole = related with rabbit production
Cuniculture = rabbit breeding, rabbit rearing, rabbit husbandry. Note: Cuniculiculture is also accepted in French, but Cuniculture is more than frequently used. The pregnant is exactly the same.
D
Décongélation = thawing
Déglutition = swallowing
Denrée (alimentaire) = foodstuff
Dépense = expenditure, loss, consumption
Dépilation = plucking (of rabbit hair)
Dépouiller = to peel
Descendance= progeny; offspring (the plural of offspring is still offspring)
Déséquilibre = imbalance
Déshydratation = dehydration
Diagnostic de gestation = pregnancy diagnosis (most often made through intestinal palpation)
Disponibilité = availability
Dominant (animal dominant) = dominant beast, alpha beast
Dominant (gène) = dominant (gene)
Donnée = fact, datum (pl. data)
Drèches (d'orge) = (barley) brewer's grain
Durée = length, duration
Durée d'éclairement = daylight ratio
Duvet (or sous-poil) = downward
E
Eau = water
Eau d'adduction (du robinet) = tap water
Eau de source / de puit = spring h2o/well h2o
Eau douce /de mer= fresh h2o /seawater
Échantillon = sample
Éclairement = lighting (phase d'éclairement = lite phase)
Éjaculat = ejaculate, semen
Électronarcose = electrical stunning, electronarcosis
Élevage = husbandry, breeding, rearing
Éleveur (de lapins) = rabbit breeder, rabbit producer
Énergie brute /digestible / métabolisable = gross free energy/digestible energy/metabolisable free energy
Engraissement (période d'eng.) = fattening (fattening flow)
Engraisseur = a rabbit producer buying his rabbit at weaning, and raising them until slaughter weight
Entretien = maintenance
Épilation (des lapins Angora) = (Angora) wool plucking
Épiphyse (or glande pinéale) = pineal gland, epihysis
Escourgeon (orge d'hiver) = wintertime barley
Espace = space
Espèce = species
Estomac = tum
Expérience = experiment, exam, trial
Extractif non azoté (ENA) = nitrogen-free extract (NFE)
Extrait ethéré (EE) = ether extract, frequently dislocated with fat or lipid content
F
Facteur = gene
Faible = slight, pocket-size, low, weak
Farine basse de blé = middlings
Farine grossière /fine = meal/flour
Faune = fauna
Fauve de Bourgogne = Burgundy Fawn
Fèces dures/molles [caecotrophes] = hard feces/soft feces [caecotropes]
Fécondation = ferilization, fecundation
Fécondité (taux de féc.)= fecundity (reproduction rate)
Femelle = female , (rabbit) doe
Femelle parentale = crossbred rabbit doe (between 2 selected lines) as the mother of the rabbits produced for slaughter
Ferme = farm
Féverole = field edible bean,, horse bean = Vicia faba
Flatdeck (cages en …) = flatdeck battery, cages on a single level
Flore digestive = digestive flora
Foie = liver
Foin = hay
Foin de graminées = grass hay
Forage = drilling , sinking
Format = size (race de grand format = big size breed)
Fosse = pit (fosse à lisier / à purin = slurry pit)
Fosse à déjections (sous les cages) = droppings or manure pit (under the cages)
Fourrage = forage, forage, roughage
Fumier = manure, solid manure
M
Proceeds = proceeds
Gain de poids [moyen] quotidien (GMQ) = [boilerplate] daily gains of torso weight (ADG)
Garenne = warren, open or airtight surface area where rabbits live freely (lapin de garenne = wild rabbit)
Germe (de blé, de maïs, …) = (wheat, maize, …) germ
Gestante = meaning
Gestation = pregnancy, gestation
Glucide = sugar
GMQ = see gain de poids
Grain = grain (in French used for cereals), edible bean (for coffee,…) seed (for mustard, …)
Graine = seed
Graine oléagineuse (colza, soja, tournesol, chanvre, lin, …) = oil seed (rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, hempseed, linseed,…)
Graine protéagineuse (pois, lupin, haricot, féverole, pois chiche, …) = proteaginous seed (peas, lupins, beans, horse beans, chickpeas, …)
Graines de colza/soja/sunflower entières = full fatty rapeseed /soya beans/sunflower seeds
Graisse = fat
Granulé = pellet
Gras = fatty, fatty tissue
Grillage = wire mesh
GTE (Gestion Technico-Économique) = technico-economic management, product control. Organized method of registration of production information of a rabbitry + some economic parameters
H
Hase = hare doe
Hémicellulose = hemicellulose (hémicellulose VS = hemicellulose calculated every bit difference between NDF and ADF, chemically determined by the Van Soest method)
Homogène = homogeneous
Huile = oil
I J K
Iléon = ileum
Immature = immature (follicule immature = non-ovulatory follicle)
Immunité = immunity
Indice consummation (IC) = feed conversion ratio/ Annotation: quantity of feeds consumed/total torso weight gains obtained with this quantity of feed)
Indice de consommation d'élevage = rabbitry feed conversion ratio/ Note: ratio betwixt the total weight of feed utilized in a rabbitry (mothers + fatteners + replacements) generally during i year, and total weight of live rabbits sent to the slaughterhouse during the respective period
Infécondité = sterility
Infertilité = infertility, relative sterility
Informatique = computer, estimator science, data processing
Informatiser = to computerize
Ingestion = ingestion, feed intake
INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) = INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research)/ Northote: The French state institute INRA, with 4300 full-time researchers and engineers + 1800 PhD students + 4100 technicians, is responsible for research on all aspects of agriculture, agricultural products, and quality & utilization and agronomical impact on environment. A small function of its activity is devoted to rabbit biological science and production.
Insémination = insemination
Insémination artificielle (IA) = artificial insemination (AI)
Intestin = intestine (intestine grêle = small intestine ; gros intestin [cæcum + côlon] = large intestine [caecum + colon])
Issues (de blé) = (wheat) offal, (middling)
ITAVI (Institut Technique de fifty'Aviculture) = ITAVI/ Note: ITAVI is the French practical inquiry and development establish in accuse of aviculture (65% of the total activity), rabbit product (13% of the total activity), small animal breeding and animate being welfare of production. It works mainly with public funds to provide breeders, and all industry sectors, with reference materials, scientific, technical and economic information, and expertise enabling improved production sustainability (altogether about 30 engineers and technicians).
Jarre = over pilus, guard hair
Jéjunum = jejunum
Jeun (à jeun) = fasting
Jeûne = fast, fasting
Jeune = young (jeune lapin, lapereau = kit)
Journalier = daily
L
Lactation = lactation, suckling period
Lait = milk
Lapereau = kit, young rabbit
Lapin = rabbit (run into definition and utilize of "rabbit" at the beginning of this lexicon list)
Lapin de boucherie = meat rabbit
Lapin de chair = meat rabbit
Lapin mâle = cadet
Lapine = (rabbit) doe
Lapinière = rabbitry, grouping of rabbit cages or hutches constituting a rabbitry
Lard = bacon
Levraut = young hare, leveret
Lièvre = hare (lièvre commun = brown hare = Lepus europaeus)
Lignée =line, lineage, strain
Lignine = lignin (ADL = acid detergent lignin, adamant chemically by the Van Soest method)
Lin (graine de …, huile de …) = linseed, linseed oil = Linum usitatissimum
Lipide = lipid, fatty
Lisier = liquid manure
Lisier = liquid manure
Litière (de paille, de copeaux) = (harbinger, wood shawings) bedding
Logiciel = (reckoner) software
Lupin = lupin = Lupinus spp
Luzerne = lucerne, alfalfa = Medicago sativa
Lyophilisation = freeze-drying, lyopholisation
M
Maïs = UK maize or US corn = Zea mays
Maladie = illness
Mamelle = mammary gland, teats
Manchons = front end- and hind-legs with the skin parts remaining later on removing the raw pare during the slaughter process. For 30 years, the "manchons" must exist removed from the carcasses for all rabbit carcasses commercialized in French republic.
Mangeoire = feeder
Manioc = cassava = Manihot utilissima = Manihot esculenta
Marge sur coût alimentaire (MCA) = financial margin above the cost of rabbit feeds, Margin above Toll of Alimentation (MCA). Note: the MCA corresponds, on a yearly footing, to the difference between: ane) the value of immature and culled adults sold to slaughterhouse + value of rabbits consumed by the rabbit breeder'southward family unit + value of immature rabbits kept in the rabbitry equally replacements and 2) the value of all feeds used, supplementations excluded. This difference is and so divided past the yearly average number of breeding does => MCA/female person/year, or divided past the total number of AI practiced during the year => MCA/AI, or divided by the weight of all ready to slaughter rabbits produced during the year => MCA/kg alive weight produced.
Maternel = maternal
Matière = matter, textile
Matière organique (MO) = organic matter
Matière sèche (MS) = dry out affair (DM)
Matières azotées or matière azotée totales (MAT) = rough protein (= North ten six.25)
Matières cellulosiques (= cellulose brute) = crude fibre
Matières grasses (MG) = fat, oftentimes confused with ether extract (EE)
Médicament = medicine, drug
Mélasse (de betterave, de canne) = (carbohydrate beet, saccharide pikestaff) molasses
Mère = mother, dam
Mise bas (MB) = parturition, kindling
Mortalité (taux de …) = mortality (mortality rate)
Mortality perinatale = natimortality , kits bloodshed immediately earlier and afterward birth, perinatal mortality
Mortinatalité = stillborn rate
Mort-né = stillborn
Multipare = multiparous (name of a doe which has given birth 2 or more times)
Due north
Naissance = nascence
Naisseur = meat rabbit producer selling his rabbits at weaning
Naisseur-engraisseur = meat rabbit producer which controls all production phases, from formulation to slaughter weight. In France, more than than 98% of rabbit producers are "naisseur-engraisseurs".
Nid = nest
Nidation = implantation, (in the rabbit: well-nigh 7 days after fertilization of eggs past sperm)
Nouveau-né = newborn
Nullipare = nulliparous (a virgin doe or doe before the first kindling)
Numéro de portée = parity number
Nutriment = nutrient
Nycthemère = light/dark bicycle, nycterohemeral cycle
NZB (Néo Zélandais Blanc) = New Zealand White (NZW)
O
Oléagineux = oilseeds
Ordinateur = calculator
Orge = barley = Hordeum spp.(Note: for brute nutrition there is no difference is made between the unlike types of barley, fifty-fifty though the crude fibre level of winter barley is frequently slightly college than that of spring barley )
Orge à 4 rangs = four-row barley = Hordeum vulgare
Orge à half dozen rangs = six-row barley = Hordeum hexasticum = Hordeum polystichum
Orge à deux rangs = 2-row barley = Hordeum distichum
Orge de printemps = jump barley
Orge d'hiver (= escourgeon) = wintertime barley
Os = bone
Ovaire =ovary
Ovulation = ovulation
Ovulation induite = reflex ovulation
P
Paille = straw
Paillette (pour insémination artificielle) = straw (for artificial insemination)
Palmiste (graine du fruit du palmier à huile Elaeis guineensis) = palm kernel (seed of the fruit of the palm tree, Elaeis guineensis)
Parc = pen
Parturition = parturition, kindling
Pâtée = mash, moisture feed
Paternel = paternal
Pâturage = pasture
Peau = peel
Peau apprêtée = fur
Pépin de raisin = grape pits
Père = father, sire
Petit (lapin) = kit, suckling rabbit
Pinéal (glande pinéale, epiphyse) = pineal (gland), epiphysis
Poids = weight
Poids à la naissance = birth weight
Poids au sevrage = weaning weight
Poids corporel = body weight
Poids de portée = litter weight
Poids frais = fresh weight
Poids sec = dry weight
Poids vif = alive weight
Poil = pilus
Poil Angora = Angora wool
Poil de duvet = down
Poil de garde (jarre) = over hair, guard hair
Pois (fourrager) = (field) pea = Pisum sativum
Pois chiche = chickpea = Cicer arietinum
Pois protéagineux = field peas of unlike cultivars selected for protein production = Pisum sativum
Toxicant = poison
Poisson = fish
Pomme = apple
Pomme de terre = potato = Solanum tuberosum
Portée = litter
Primipare = primparous, a doe which has given nativity only once
Prolificité = prolificacy
Protéine = protein
Protéines alimentaires = dietary protein
Proteines brutes = crude protein (= N x six.25)
Provende = fodder
Pseudogestation = pseudopregnancy, pseudogestation
Pulpe de betterave/d'agrume = beetpulp/citrus pulp
Pylore = pylorus
Q
Quarantaine = quarantine
Quotidien = daily, every day
R
Race = breed
Race à viande = meat breed
Radicelles d'orge = barley rootlets
Ration = ration
Ration d'entretien = maintenance ration
Rationnement = feed restriction
Récessif = recessive
Receveur, receveuse = recipient
Récolte = harvest
Réforme = alternative
Régime = diet, regimen
Régime de base = basal nutrition, command diet
Rein = kidney
Remoulage bis = red shorts
Remoulage blanc = white shorts
RENACEB = pooling of data of all French technico-economical systems (GTE) of rabbitries performance registrations, practical to rabbitries with a batch reproduction (and quite exclusively AI) – Almost 1100-1200 convenance units are included in each yearly analysis
RENALAP = pooling of data of all French technico-economical systems (GTE) of rabbitries performance registrations, applied to rabbitries with private reproduction rhythms (usually with all natural matings). Well less than one hundred rabbitries remain in this historically kickoff national registration organisation.
Rendement à l'abattage = slaughter rate, dressing percentage, slaughter yield
Reproducteur = breeding animal (male or female person)
Reproduction = reproduction, convenance
Ressuyage (perte au ….) = carcass shrink, shrinkage
Riz = rice = Oryza sativa
Due south
Saillie naturelle/forcée = natural/forced mating
Saindoux = lard (pure pork fatty)
Sang = blood
Sauvage = wild
Sciure de bois = sawdust
Seigle = rye = Secale cereale
Sélectionneur = rabbit breeder selecting breeds or lines to genetically improve unlike characters
Semence = semen
Seringue = syringe
Sevrage = weaning
Sexe = sex
Soja = soybean = Glycine max
Son (acoustique) = audio (acoustics)
Son (de blé/de maïs,…) = wheat/maize bran
Sorgho = sorghum = Sorghum bicolor
Souche = strain, line
Sous-cutané = subcutaneous
Sous-poil (duvet) = down
Sous-produit = by-production
SPACE = French international merchandise fair for beast production, held every year in Rennes (Brittany) during the showtime half of September
Spermatozoïde (s) = spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)
Sperme = semen
Squelette = skeleton
Stérilité = sterility
Suif = (beef) tallow
Survie (taux de ...) = survival (rate)
T
Taille de portée = litter size
Taux = charge per unit, proportion, level
Témoin = command
Temps = stage
Temps = time
Temps = weather
Teneur = content, level, corporeality, rate
Test = test
Testicule = testis (pl. testes) , testicle
Tétée = suckling (human action of the immature)
Tétine = teat
Thym = thyme = Thymus vulgaris
Thymus (glande) = thymus (gland)
Tissu = tissue
Toison = fleece
Tonte = shearing
Tournesol (tourteau de …) = sunflower (meal) = Helianthus annuus
Tourteau = meal, cake ( t. de soja = soyban repast; t. de tournesol = sunflower meal; t. oléagineux = oil block)
Tout plein tout vide = all in all out/ Annotation: in rabbit product, this arrangement needs two buildings (rooms) with exactly the same number of cages to be able to exist used alternatively as reproduction cages (with a nest box compartment) and as fattening cages. At weaning, the young rabbits stay in the cage where they were born until slaughter time. After departure of all fattened rabbits on the aforementioned day, the building, cages and materials are all cleaned and disinfected (eight-x days) then receive the breeding does from the other edifice at the time of weaning of the kits born in the other edifice (i.e. 4-vi days before the next kindling). All does are inseminated 11-12 days after kindling. The full cycle length is 84 days. Each edifice is cleaned and disinfected every 84 days.
Trèfle = clover
Trèfle blanc = white clover = Trifolium repens
Trèfle d'Alexandrie = berseem = Trifolium alexandrimun
Trèfle rouge = cow grass = Trifolium pratense
Triticale = triticale = Triticum x Secale
U V WW Ten Y Z
Unité = unit
Urée = urea
Vaccin = vaccine
Vagin = vagina
Vétérinaire = veterinary, veterinarian
Viabilité = viability
Viande = meat
Vie = life
Viscères = viscera
Vitesse = speed , rate
Vrac (en vrac) = in bulk
Zone = area, region, zone
Zootechnie = animal production
Zootechnique = related with beast product or productivity
Source: http://www.cuniculture.info/Docs/Documentation/Lexique/Lexique-01.htm
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